This study aimed to investigate the effect of SERPINA1 gene polymorphism on sheep meat quality. Forty-nine 8-month-old Shuangqian Mutton Sheep were selected as research objects to screen the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) sites in the 3' UTR region of SERPINA1 gene. The correlation between SNPs and meat quality traits of Shuangqian Mutton Sheep was analyzed. The results showed that there was an A>G mutation in the 33rd base of the 3' UTR region of SERPINA1 gene. The genetic homozygosity(Ho) of this site was 0.540 8, the number of effective alleles(Ne) was 1.849 1, and the polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.353 8, which was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05), and belonged to moderate polymorphism. In terms of meat quality traits, the meat tenderness of GG genotype individuals was significantly higher than that of AA genotype individuals and AG genotype individuals. In conclusion, the A33G allele polymorphism in the 3' UTR region of sheep SERPINA1 is significantly correlated with the tenderness of Shuangqian Mutton Sheep. This locus is conducive to the early screening of sheep with excellent meat quality, thereby improving the breeding speed of superior mutton sheep and saving the feeding cost.