Effect of lodging resistance on yield and its relationship with stalk physical characteristics of rice under different fertilizer condition was investigated. Results indicated that: Lodging resistance, expressed by the tilt angle of matured plant, was significantly negatively correlated with the length of the first internode, and positively correlated with the area and thickness at the base of stalk. Difference of lodging resistance among varieties was also found. Application of nitrogen also has obvious effect upon population lodging of rice. High yield was achieved in the medium fertilizer treatment. It was concluded that lodging resistance of rice would be improved by means of shortening the first and second internode, strengthening the hardness of the basal stalk, lowering the position of panicle, and elongating panicle or the neck-panicle internode. So the contradiction between lodging and plant height could be settled at a higher yield level.