Studies on the residual aftereffect of application of nitrogen and phosphate chemical fertilizers to corn were carried out by experiment with pot culture for 2 years and location fertilizing experiment for 4 years. The results showed that when nitrogen and phosphate chemical fertilizers were rationally applied, both of them had remarkable aftereffects. They not only promoted vigorous growth of corn plant in next year and boosted crop yield per unit area, but also increased the content quick-acting N and P in soil and improved the soil fertility.