Land is a key factor influencing the sustainable development of agriculture.As a large agricultural province,Jilin province are confronted with a series of problems and challenges,such as running off of large amount of loam black soil,serious damage of agricultural ecological environment,and the decrease of productivity of soil,etc.Therefore,measures must be taken to protect the black soil for promoting sustainable development of agriculture.Main reasons which caused the erosion of black soil in Jilin province were analyzed in the paper.One kind is factitious factors,for example,as the population grew so rapidly,people only paid attention to the crop yield,so they reclaimed wasteland overly and cultivated the land unreasonably.Other kind is natural factors,such as the erosion by wind,rainfall and unfreezing.Based on the analysis,countermeasures and suggestions on protection of black soil were proposed in order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Jilin province.