The diversity composition and faunal distribution of Orthotylinae from the Mongolian plateau were studied in the paper. The results showed that there were 60 species belonging to 23 genera at present. Among of them, five species was endemic species and Orthotylus Fieber was the dominant genus, 17 species, accounting for28.3% of the total species. From the distributional countries, there were 20 genera and 36 species in Mongolia, 21 genera 47 species in Russia（Tuva, Buryatia and Chita）, 20 genera 42 species in China（Inner Mongolia and some areas of Xinjiang）. In the Orthotylinae fauna of Mongolian plateau, the composition of Palaearctic realm was dominant, 13 genera 47 species distributed there, which accounts for 56.5% and 78.3% of the total known. In China, the main faunal composition of Orthotylinae from Mongolian plateau was the member of Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang region, 27 species was known to be distributed there, accounting for 64.3 %. At the regional distribution, the characteristics of Orthotylinae from Inner Mongolia was the Inner Mongolia Plateau sub-region 27 species ＞ North China sub-region 26 species ＞ Alashan Desert sub-region 23 species ＞ Nen River- West Liaohe Plain sub-region 15 species ＞ Daxinganling Mountains sub-region 13 species ＞ Ordos Plateau sub-region 12 species.