不同玉米品种角质和粉质胚乳淀粉粒的粒度分布特征
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S513

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山东省科技发展计划(2014GNC111001);山东省农业良种工程泰山学者种业人才团队支撑计划培养对象项目(20140701);山东省旱地作物水分高效利用科研创新团队项目(6212n2)


Starch Granule Size Distribution of Horny and Silty Endosperm in Different Maize Varieties
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    摘要:

    以3个玉米品种为材料,采用激光衍射粒度分析仪测定角质和粉质胚乳的淀粉粒体积、表面积和数目分布,分析其粒度分布特征及差异。结果表明,角质和粉质胚乳的淀粉粒体积均呈三峰分布,淀粉粒数目均呈单峰分布;角质胚乳淀粉粒表面积呈三峰分布,而粉质胚乳呈四峰分布。参照小麦研究中以淀粉粒体积分布曲线凹处为分界线划分淀粉粒的方法,以3.519μm和7.422μm为界线,将玉米胚乳淀粉粒分为小型(≤3.519μm)、中型(3.519~7.422μm)和大型(>7.442μm)。角质胚乳中,中型淀粉粒所占体积比(4.46%~6.14%)、表面积比(6.71%~8.14%)和数目比(0.47%~0.56%)显著高于粉质胚乳(1.36%~5.68%、1.81%~6.63%、0.10%~0.31%),大型淀粉粒所占数目比(0.32%~0.38%)显著高于粉质胚乳(0.28%~0.31%);粉质胚乳中,小型淀粉粒所占表面积比(54.73%~57.31%)、数目比(99.39%~99.59%)显著高于角质胚乳(51.95%~53.36%、99.06%~99.21%)。在玉米实际加工利用时,可以根据需要选择不同类型的胚乳,以实现玉米胚乳的合理有效利用。

    Abstract:

    Three maize varieties were used in this study. Starch granule size distribution in horny and silty en-dosperm was determined by laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The results indicated that horny endosperm andsilty endosperm showed three peak curve in starch granule volume distribution, and single peak curve in starch gran-ule number distribution. Starch granule surface area showed three peak curve in horny endosperm, but four peakcurve in silty endosperm. According to the concave point of double peak curve, taking 3.519μm and 7.422μm aslimit, starch granules were divided into three types: small(<3.519μm), middle(3.519~7.422μm) and large(>7.422μm). In horny endosperm, the volume and surface area ratio of middle starch granule(4.46% ~6.14%,6.71%~8.14%) and the number ratio of middle and large starch granule(0.47%~0.56%, 0.32%~0.38%) were higher than those of silty endosperm(1.36%~5.68%, 1.81%~6.63%, 0.10%~0.31%, 0.28%~0.31%). However,in silty endosperm, the surface area and number ratio of small starch granule(54.73%~57.31%, 99.39%~99.59%)were higher than those of horny endosperm(51.95%~53.36%, 99.06%~99.21%). In the process of actual processing and utilization of maize, different types of endosperm should be selected to meet our needs to realize the rational and efficient utilization of maize endosperm.

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伊祖涛,张海艳.不同玉米品种角质和粉质胚乳淀粉粒的粒度分布特征[J].东北农业科学,2015,40(4):108-112.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-03-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-06
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