吉林省梨树县农户春玉米氮肥施用现状调查
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S143

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农业部948项目(2011–G18(2))


Investigation on Current Status of Nitrogen Application in Spring Maize in the Farmers of Lishu County Jilin Province
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    摘要:

    为了解东北地区农户春玉米的施肥现状,2012~2014年连续3年采用随机抽样的方法对吉林省梨树县各乡镇的农户进行了问卷调查,结果显示,2012~2014年农户的施肥行为发生了很大的变化:追肥农户比例呈逐年降低的趋势,分别为36.8%、27%和19.1%,然而,在不同土壤类型上种植玉米的农户追肥比例有较大差异,在风沙土种植玉米的农户中有64.5%采用了追肥,在黑土、冲积土和其他土壤类型上种植玉米的农户中施用追肥的比例分别只有14%、8.3%和9.6%;施氮量的统计数据表明,在适宜区间内(160~240 kg·hm-2)的农户比例为40.8%,有54.1%的农户过量施用氮肥(>240 kg·hm-2),且追肥农户的施氮量比一次性施肥农户更高。根据农户的追肥意愿调查,有80.8%的农户认为追肥能够增产,而选择一次性施肥的农户中有80.1%是因为一次性施肥方便,但如果能提供好用的追肥机械,仍有76.2%的农户会选择追肥。

    Abstract:

    To understand the current status of fertilizer application methods for maize production by farmers inNortheastern China, a survey was carried out by random sampling farmers in Lishu county, Jilin province, from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that the percentage of the farmers who adopted side-dressing fertilizer during maizegrowth period were 36.8%, 27% and 19.1% in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. In maize grown on sandy soil, asmany as 64.5% of the farmers side dressed fertilizer in addition to the basal fertilization. On black soil, alluvial soiland other soil types, only 14%, 8.3% and 9.6% of the farmers conducted side-dressing, respectively. 40.8% of thefarmers applied N nitrogen fertilizers in an optimum amount(160~240 kg·hm-2), while 54.1% of the farmers applied excessive nitrogen fertilizer(>240 kg·hm-2). The total amount of N application was more in the farmer whoside-dressed fertilizers in addition to basal N fertilizers compared to those only applied basal fertilizers. 80.8% offarmers investigated believed that side-dress fertilizer can increase maize yield. Among farmers who only appliedbasal fertilizers, 80.1% thought that basal fertilizer application was convenient, and 76.2% would like to side-dressfertilizers if there are suitable machines.

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苏效坡,伍大利,夏婷婷,高强,米国华.吉林省梨树县农户春玉米氮肥施用现状调查[J].东北农业科学,2015,40(5):46-48,70.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-05-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-06
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