In this paper, the current situation and existing problems of maize straw returning in northeast China wereput forward. The mechanism of maize straw returning was summarized from the following aspects including mazestraw decomposing law, the effect of maize straw returning on soil physical properties, soil organic matter（carbon）,soil micro-aggregates and soil microbes and the effect of maize straw returning on the maize growth were expound-ed, at the same time the area and emphasis on maize straw returning research were introduced in the future in North-east China.