防控番茄灰霉病的化学药剂和生防菌株筛选研究
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S436.412.1+3

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济南市科技发展计划项目(201401271);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J12LF51)


Studies on Biocontrol Strains and Chemical Fungicides for Prevention and Control of Tomato Gray Mold Disease
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    摘要:

    为降低番茄灰霉病病原菌的抗药性,提高防控效果,用菌丝生长速度法确定了番茄灰霉病病原菌适宜生长的温光条件,并对常用的化学药剂和6种生防菌株进行了筛选。结果表明:番茄灰霉病病原菌在5~30℃均可生长,最适温度25~30℃,超过33℃病原菌不萌发,病原菌生长速度在光照条件下总体上略快于黑暗条件。防治番茄灰霉病的药剂C效果最好,在前8天抑菌率达100%;其次是药剂A,药剂B、药剂D效果较差;有光条件下病原菌在含药剂A平板上比黑暗条件下生长速度略快,在含药剂B、D平板上则慢得多。生防菌株以木霉、拟康氏木霉、黑根霉、匍枝根霉对番茄灰霉病抑制效果较好,抑菌率均在65%以上,拮抗级数均达到Ⅱ级,其中木霉、拟康氏木霉、黑根霉对峙的病原菌菌落呈现萎缩现象,抑菌效果较好。在田间试验中,化学药剂C、A对番茄灰霉病防效最高,分别为69.14%、66.01%;生防菌株中木霉发酵液防效最高,为61.09%,其防效处于4种化学药剂的中等水平。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the tomato gray mold pathogen resistance and improve the prevention and control ef-fect, the suitable growth temperature and light conditions of tomato gray mold pathogen was determined with myceli-um growth velocity method, and the commonly used chemicals and six kinds of biocontrol strains were screened too.The results showed that the pathogen of tomato gray mold could grow at 5~30℃, and the optimum temperature was25~30℃. The pathogen could not germinate above 33℃. The growth rate of pathogen was slightly faster under thelight conditions than that of the dark conditions on the whole. Chemical C was the best in prevention and control to-mato grey mold, in the first 8 d antimicrobial rate by 100%. Followed by the Chemical A, the effect of B and D waspoorer. The pathogen grew slightly faster under the light conditions than the dark conditions in chemical A plate,but much slower in chemical B and D plate. To biocontrol strains, inhibition effect of Trichoderma viride, Trichoder-ma pseudokoningii, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus stolonifer were good, inhibition rate more than 65%. Antagonisticseries reached grade II. Pathogen colonies which confront Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Rhi-zopus nigricans showed atrophy, so the inhibition effect was better. In field experiments, control effect of chemicalC, A to tomato gray mold pathogen was the highest, 69.14% and 66.01%, respectively. To biocontrol strains, the bestprevention effect was fermentation liquid, which was 61.09%, and it was in medium level of four kinds of chemicalagents.

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牛贞福,国淑梅,张鹤,温凯,王永强.防控番茄灰霉病的化学药剂和生防菌株筛选研究[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(3):41-45.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-02-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-06
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