Microbial fertilizer plays an important role in promoting plant growth, improving soil and environmentfriendly. Here, we reviewed the function of microbial fertilizer on the crop yields, product quality, resistance ofplants to abiotic stress and soil fertility. We also focused on the mechanism of microbial fertilizer on the resistanceof plants by promoting nutrient absorption, secreting plant hormones and producing secondary metabolites. We alsopointed out the key orientations for future studies of microbial fertilizer.