By single factor experiment as the foundation, response surface methodology（RSM） analysis of the testand the ultrasonic assisted method was used to optimize the process of rose seed oil extraction. The mathematicalmodel fitted perfectly. N-hexane as solvent extraction, the optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were as follows:grinding particle size is 60 mesh, material liquid ratio 1:4, ultrasonic temperature 50℃, ultrasonic power of 200 W,ultrasonic time for 30 min and extraction 2 times. At this time, the thorn rose seed oil yield reached 11.92%. Underthese conditions, leaching rose seed oil quality was good.