CRISPR/Cas9 system is an immune system of prokaryotes, which is used to resist invasion of exogenous genetic material. When bacteria are attacked by viruses or exogenous plasmids, they will generate corresponding memories, so that they can resist their invasion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a new generation of genome editing technology with the advantages of simple design, efficient editing and wide versatility. The latest research progress from the development and application of genome editing technology mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 was reviewed in the paper which focused on the key influencing factors of the technology, so as to provide references for relevant researchers.