In order to discuss rice yield and the status of farmland nutrient balance under different fertilization pat-terns, field experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice yield, nutrient absorption and utilization, soil N, Pand K contents in harvest stage under traditional and optimum fertilization patterns from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that rice yield of optimum fertilization（OF） treatment increased by 7.6% and 6.5% than that of traditional fertilization（TF） treatment from 2014 to 2015, respectively. Compared with TF treatment, fertilizer recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial fertilizer productivity and nutrient harvest index of OF treatment significantly in-creased by 6.8% and 8.4%, 2.9 kg/kg and 3.1 kg/kg, 5.6 kg/kg and 5.4 kg/kg, 4.4% and 4.5%, respectively（P＜0.05）. OF treatment could improve the maximum uptake rate of N, P and K and nutrient accumulation from filling stage to mature stage of rice than TF treatment. Compared with the starting of experiment, the contents of inorganicN in 0-90 cm soil and available P in 0-30 cm soil increased significantly, and available K in 0-30 cm soil declined of TF treatment, while the contents of inorganic N in 0-90 cm soil and available P, K in 0-30 cm soil had fewer changes of OF treatment. The calculation of soil N, P and K nutrient apparent balance indicated that it was surplus in soil N and P, and deficient in soil K of TF and OF treatments in harvest stage of rice. Compared with TF treatment, N surplus amounts, P surplus amounts and K deficient amounts significantly decreased by 87.6% and 93.5%,87.7% and 77.4%, 23.6% and 23.5% of OF treatment, respectively（P＜0.05）. In summary, rice yield, nutrient absorption and utilization, and soil nutrient balance of optimum fertilization patterns were better than them of traditional fertilization patterns.