Farmers, subjects of farmland using, make a great impact on the output and quality of farmland. In recent years, the quality of farmland in Jilin province is becoming more and more serious. The characteristics of economic behavior were analyzed in the paper from the perspective of farmers' utilization of farmland, from the mode of resource development, the mode of farming and the means of input of production materials. Origin of the problem was found out, and the countermeasures to optimize farmers' land using behavior put forward.