Under the background of national precision poverty alleviation, the realistic predicament of the development of economy, society, production and human environment in southern Shaanxi province was analyzed in the pa-per. From the two perspectives of poverty and return to poverty, we try to build a theoretical model of distress. The mechanism of poverty stricken areas in southern Shaanxi is analyzed. On the basis of this, the countermeasures for southern Shaanxi’s poverty alleviation under the premise of protecting the ecology were put forward, such as industrial poverty alleviation, financial assistance, and e-commerce to help the poor. This will provide theoretical support for winning the battle against poverty.