The effect of castration on fatty deposition and the expression of related genes in Yanbian Yellow Cattle were studied in this experiment, and the influential factor and molecule mechanism of fatty deposits in beef cattle were further explored. 15 Yanbian Yellow Cattles and 15 steers with the similar age and same conditions were slaughtered until fattening to 36 months. Related character of fat deposition were determined, and mRNA expression of the ANGPTL4, DGAT2 and FABP4 were analyzed. The results showed that intramuscular fat content of the steer was significantly higher than the bulls’（P＜0.05）, backfat thickness was significantly higher than that of the bull（P＜0.01）, marbling level was significantly higher than the bulls’（P＜0.05）, which indicated that the carcass and intramuscular fat deposition of Yanbian Yellow Cattle obviously increased after castration. Steer ANGPTL4 and DGAT2 gene mRNA expression quantity were significantly higher than the bulls’, steer FABP4 gene mRNA expression quantity was significantly higher than that of the bull（P＜0.01）, which indicated that the increasing of ANGPTL4, DGAT2 and FABP4 gene expression quantity in Yanbian Yellow Cattle after castration made contributions to fat deposition.