Patent quality is an important yardstick for measuring the level of scientific and technological innovation in a country or region.Taking the agricultural patent of Xinjiang Corps issued by State Intellectual Property Office（SIPO） during the period of 1985-2016 as a sample, the Cox Proportional Hazards Model was constructed based on the perspective of patent document information. From the four dimensions of citation category, technical index, economic index and other indicators, the empirical analysis was conducted to analysis the factors affecting the quality of agricultural patent. The research showed that the number of agricultural patents in corps increases year by year, but the quality of patent was in an unstable state. The number of claims, the number of inventors and the number of drawings and pages could represent the quality of agricultural patents to varying degrees, and had a positive impact on the duration of patent maintenance. The human type of patent application had a significant impact on the survival risk of patents, and the patent survival risk rate of enterprises was significantly lower than that of universities. By encouraging the original, improving the patent management measures, strengthening the original, improving the patent management measures, strengthening the platform for the transformation of patent achievements, and increasing the support of enterprises’ preferential policies for scientific and technological innovation, the quality of agricultural patents of the Corps will be improved.