As a scarce resource element, land is an important support for the priority development of agriculture and rural areas. The evolution history of China's rural land system since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 showed the characteristics of path, such as the rural land ownership and management right from decentralization to concentration, rural land resources from government allocation to market regulation, and rural land policy's orientation to urban-rural relations from isolation to integration. Duo to the phenomenon of "path dependence" in institutional change, we should make the multi-dimensional preventive strategic choice for the agricultural involution,, class involution and regime involution.