In this study, ELISA was used to investigate the infection of OYDV in part areas of Jilin and Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that in the eight regions（Chaigang, Yangshulin, Halahai, Qiangang, Sanqingshan, Taipingshan, Zhaozhou and Acheng）, the OYDV infection situation was relatively serious, the OYDV infection incidence was more than 30%, and the infection rate of the OYDV at Taipingshan areas was 75%, which indicated that OYDV infection was prevalent in shallot growing areas in Northeast China. The coincidence rate between visual results and ELISA results was analyzed. The negative results of OYDV-ELISA and visual detection healthy results in Chaigang and Zhaozhou showed the highest coincidence rate（90%）. Halahai was the lowest, for only 10%, which indicated OYDV attenuated strains infection in Harahai with no symptoms. The coincidence rate of symptomatic plant and the OYDV-ELISA-positive was 100% in Taipingshan and Halahai. The infection rate of OYDV in scales of positive bulb was low in outer layer and inner layer and high in middle layer. In this study, the infection of OYDV in different areas and its distribution in scale tablets were clarified, which laid the foundation for the virus-free and breeding of onion.