Based on the perspective of farmers, the investigation on the status of farmers’ participation in agricultural waste resource utilization in Heilongjiang Province was conducted. Problems were found such as insufficient capital investment, imperfect infrastructure, lack of relevant knowledge of farmers, loss of labor, and lack of relevant technologies. To solve these problems, suggestions were proposed, i.e., to improve the relevant legal system, increase capital investment, pay attention to waste-related propaganda such as straw/livestock manure, improve the collection, storage and transportation system and supervision mechanism, introduce technical talents, focus on supporting the agricultural waste industry in the cold region, and attract young people back. Relevant constructive opinions on the work of Longjiang were put forward, with a view to promoting farmers’ participation in the utilization of agricultural waste resources, building beautiful villages, and promoting the development of agricultural waste in Heilongjiang Province.