The improvement of consumption level drives the increasing demand and level of Chinese people for dairy products, but the shortage of supply in the domestic market and the continuous safety and quality problems promote the rapid development of dairy products import trade. The total GDP of ‘the Belt and Road’countries from 2007 to 2017 and the trade volume of dairy products with China were analyzed, and the core factors affecting the import of Chinese dairy products were analyzed by building a trade attraction model. The results show that the import trade volume of China’s dairy products is in direct proportion to the geographical distance between the trading countries and China, and in inverse proportion to the population. The expansion of the overall economic scale and the signing of the Free Trade Agreement（FTA） play a significant role in promoting China’s dairy import trade. In order to promote the healthy development of China’s dairy industry, we should take the initiative to expand the scope of our trading partners, especially attach importance to trade cooperation with countries along‘the belt and road’, attach importance to the quality and safety of imported dairy products, and give more support to domestic dairy farmers and dairy enterprises.