Exploring the path of rural collective economy and strengthening the strength of rural collective economic organizations are important ways to promote rural economic and social development and increase farmers’ income.It is also the only way to build a well-off society in an all-round way and even to realize the strategy of rural revitalization. Based on the investigation of 185 villages in 32 poverty-stricken counties in Shanxi Province, this paper analyses the problems and causes of rural collective economic organizations in poverty-stricken areas in terms of ideology, development path, property rights, system and governance structure, and then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the reform of rural collective property rights system from three aspects:strengthening legal empowerment, broadening development path and promoting social identity.