In this paper, the land improvement project of Shache County of Xinjiang was taken as the research object, and the carbon effect was calculated based on the carbon effects of engineering measures, land use structure and farmland management and protection system in the process of land remediation. The results showed that:（1） After the land was rectified, the carbon input in the project area was 894.444 80 million tons, the carbon output was 72 085.35 t, and the net carbon sink was 17 359.45 t.（2） The carbon benefit of irrigation and drainage engineering was the lowest in engineering measures; the difference of residential area, industrial and mining land and cultivated land vector change in land use structure respectively forms the minimum contribution rate-581.41%, the maximum contribution rate was 448.59%; the ecology of farmland management and protection system efficiency, economic efficiency, and production efficiency were 4.75 t/tC, 1.29 t/tC, and 5.55 t/tC, respectively.