In order to promote rice quality breeding in Heilongjiang Province, 53 rice varieties authorized and popularized in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2016 were selected in this study, and the plant type and quality traits were analyzed according to the different years of variety certification. The results showed that the changes of plant type were as follow: flag leaf widened, 3 rd leaf from the top lengthened and widened, angle between stem and 2 nd leaf from the top and angle between stem and 3 rd leaf from the top decreased; plant height increased, 3 rd internode from the top lengthened and 2 nd internode from the top became thicker; panicle length shortened, grain number and grain weight increased, and kernel setting rate of second rachis-branches increased gradually. The change rule of quality traits was that processing quality and appearance quality were improved to a certain extent, protein content was reduced, and rice taste value was increased. Small angle between stem and 2 nd leaf from the top and angle between stem and 3 rd leaf from the top, long length of 2 nd internode from the top and length of 3 rd internode from the top, high kernel setting rate of primary and second rachis-branches were beneficial to improve rice quality.