In order to solve the problems such as plow bottom moving up, plough layer becoming shallow and soil quality degradation, the improvement effect of smash-ridging on soil properties was studied. In this experiment, the effects of smash-ridging cultivation（F30: tillage depth 0～30 cm）, smash-ridging cultivation（F45: tillage depth 0～45 cm） were set, and conventional rotary tillage（C15: tillage depth 0～15 cm） was used as control to explore the effect of smash-ridging cultivation on potato yield, soil physical properties and microbial quantity. The results showed that compared with C15 treatment, the soil bulk density could be effectively reduced, the soil porosity and the soil water content could be increased, and soil available nutrients and microbial quantity could be significantly improved. The potato yield of F30 and F45 increased by 6.48% and 10.19% respectively, the commercial potato rate increased by 4.46% and 6.83%, respectively. In addition, after the comprehensive score of principal component analysis, the effect of 0 ～ 45 cm tillage depth on the comprehensive improvement of soil is the best. It can be seen that the smash-ridging technology can provide an effective new tillage measure for rain fed agricultural areas.