Taking the Tacheng area of Xinjiang as the research area,using the field survey data,the principal component analysis method and the optimal scale regression model to analyze the response degree of farmers’ farmland protection behavior to the agricultural subsidy policy,and discussing the influencing factors of agricultural subsidy policy on farmland. The result showed that the farmland productivity protection behavior has a positive response to the agricultural subsidy policy,mainly in the aspects of consciousness response and behavior response. Education level,fertilizer selection,pest control,plastic film treatment and straw treatment were positively correlated with the response of farmland productivity protection to agricultural subsidy policy. The number of labor force,the type of plastic film and the willingness of farmland improvement are negatively correlated with the response degree of farmland productivity protection to agricultural subsidy policy. At the same time,the farmers’ awareness of agricultural subsidy policy is a key problem for whether farmland protection behaviors have positive impact on agricultural subsidy policy. The problem of farmers’ enthusiasm for farmland protection should be solved from the two aspects of farmers and government.