Under the dual background of the leaping development of agriculture and the prominent factors restricting the sustainable development of agriculture,improving the efficiency of agricultural production become the key to promote the agricultural economy sustainable development. The article takes 11 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province as the research object, and use the DEA-BCC model and the super-efficiency model to measure the agricultural production efficiency of Hebei Province,and main influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the agricultural production efficiency in Hebei Province was generally good, but the pure technical efficiency was low. The agricultural production efficiency in the northern region was higher than that in the southern region,and the redundancy of agricultural input factors in Xingtai and Cangzhou was serious. The results of regression analysis showed that the output value of unit cultivated land area and the value of unit fertilizer application can improve agricultural production efficiency. On this basis, the paper puts forward specific suggestions on improvement path of agricultural production efficiency in Hebei Province, aiming to provide reference for the improvement of agricultural production efficiency and agricultural modernization under the new situation.