In this paper, the research field of resource curse is changed from mineral resources to cultivated land resources, and the cultivated land resource abundance and dependence are used to verify the curse of cultivated land resources. Taking the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1995 to 2015 as the research sample, this paper uses the spatial panel data model to analyze the relationship between cultivated land resource abundance and regional economic growth and its transmission mechanism. The results show that: there is a significant positive correlation between the abundance of cultivated land resources and economic growth, and there is no resource curse. However,cultivated land resource dependence has obvious resource curse effect, which is still significant even after controlling the variables affecting economic growth. The level of technological innovation, the degree of opening to the outside world, the input of manufacturing industry and the degree of government intervention have become the transmission channels of the curse effect of cultivated land resources in China.