This paper systematically introduces the planting, processing, scientific research and market situation off lax industry in China, mainly in Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, and sporadically in other areas. Some progress hasbeen made from breeding to cultivation, and great progress has been made in mechanization. The textile industry is mainly engaged in spinning, weaving and producing some low-end articles of daily use, while the research and de-velopment of high-end products with high added value, such as clothing, lags behind that of developed countries.According to the import and export data, the market is developing steadily. In terms of scientific research, it focuses on molecular assisted breeding, mining genes related to fiber and lignans, and carrying out researches on gene map construction, etc.