The protein content of wheat grain is an important index of wheat quality grading, and its content directly affects the quality of wheat. Hyperspectral remote sensing is a rapid and non-destructive monitoring method. In the process of wheat growth, the use of this technology to monitor the protein content of wheat can quickly and accurately obtain the current wheat grain protein content information. It not only provides technical support for the implementation of precision agriculture, but also plays a good guiding role in the later stage wheat quality identification and grading processing. In this paper, the research progress of using hyperspectral technology to monitor wheat protein content was reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of wheat monitoring methods based on different principles and different techniques were analyzed, and some research ideas were put forward to providing reference for the study of wheat grain protein content monitoring.