In order to clarify the problems of rational phosphorus fertilizer application of spring maize in the black soil region of Northeast China, the field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer rates（P0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha） on grain yield, phosphorus absorption and utilization, soil available phosphorus content change and phosphorus balance. The results indicated that phosphorus application increased the maize yield significantly. The results showed that in the range of 30～90 kg/ha, the yield increased significantly with the increase of the phosphorus application amount, and when the phosphorus application amount increased to 120 kg/ha, the yield of maize showed a downward trend. The phosphorus absorption and agronomic utilization rate first increased and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application amount, and P90 treatment was the highest. The partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer decreased with the increase of phosphorus application. In summary, the optimum phosphorus application amount in the northeast black soil region should be controlled between 83～90 kg/ha.