This paper constructs the comprehensive index system and uses the improved entropy method to evaluate the initial endowment of the agricultural scale management in 31 provinces of China from 2001 to 2015. The results show that: the initial endowment of the agricultural scale management has increased year by year. There is a "ladder" difference in the initial endowment of agricultural scale management among regions, but the difference is not obvious, and the contribution of factors is different. The initial endowment of the agricultural scale management in each region is different, and its growth is also different. Follow the principle of "adjusting measures to local conditions" to choose the specific implementation path of agricultural scale management. More attention should be paid to improving the initial conditions for large-scale agricultural operation in the central and western regions. The central and western regions should choose the agricultural scale management mode according to the local initial endowment.