In the critical period of the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy of, the development of agricultural mechanization provides an inexhaustible driving force for the upgrading and transformation, and efficient rural construction. Based on the three-stage DEA and bootstrapped modification methods, this paper measured the agricultural mechanization production efficiency of 31 major provinces in China in 2016. The research shows that: excluding the impact of environmental factors and random interference, the overall agricultural mechanization production efficiency in China is only 0.498. The key to change the adverse situation of agricultural mechanization development is to reverse the redundancy of technical resources and eliminate agricultural contradictions in the process of urbanization.