In this paper, the average disposable income of farmers’ families in Jilin Province was selected as the research object. Based on the macro statistical data from 2005 to 2018, the gray prediction model was first constructed. On this basis, the predicted gray value was modified by using Markov chain, and the simulated value was compared with the real value, with a higher simulation degree. Therefore, the gray Markov prediction model can reasonably forecast the average disposable income of farmers in Jilin Province and finally put forward suggestions to promote farmers’ income.