In order to explore the effects of straw returning on soil nutrient and rice yield in paddy field in soda saline-alkali soil in the western Songnen Plain, Changbai 9 was used as the experimental material. Through the field experiment, five straw returning treatments were set up, which were CK（no straw returning）, S1（40% straw returning）, S2（60% straw returning）, S3（80% straw returning） and S4（100% straw returning）. At the maturity stage of rice, the soil of 0-20 cm plough layer was collected to measure the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and the yield of rice was determined. Straw returning treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and organic matter content. The most significant increase was in S4, but there was no significant difference between S4 and S3. In 2017, the growth rates were 11.54%-26.92%, 11.84%-40.00%,17.1%-19.9%, 6.0%-35.0%, 18.3%-42.3%, respectively. In 2018, the growth rates were 7.4%-33.3%, 6.25%-40.63%, 4.3%-25.4%, 18.0%-36.0%、22.8%-35.2%, respectively. After two years of straw returning treatment, the content of soil available phosphorus increased by 20.24%, with an average increase of 11.26%-32.24%; the content of soil available potassium increased by 15.32%, with an average increase of 10.80%-20.15%. Straw returning treatment significantly increased rice yield by 37.2%-100.6% in 2017 and 43.0%-69.8% in 2018, and S3 had the most significant effect in two years. Increased number of effective panicles, grain per panicle and seed setting rate are the main reasons for the increase of rice yield. Straw returning can improve soil nutrient content and rice yield in paddy field in soda saline-alkali soil in the western Songnen Plain. Analysis of soil nutrient content and yield the best effect on 80%（5.6 t/ha）straw returning.