In this study, the effects of chemical fertilizer application, organic fertilizer application and organic fertilizer substitution on soil nutrients and crop yield in black soil were studied based on multiple linear regression. The results showed that moderate organic fertilizer replacement could alleviate soil acidification. Compared with single chemical fertilizer application, organic fertilizer replacement did not improve soil organic matter content significantly in the short term due to the influence of "positive excitation effect". Organic fertilizer replacement could increase soil available K and total N contents, but the effect of soil total P and total K was not obvious compared with chemical fertilizer application alone. Substitution of organic fertilizer significantly affected soil nutrient status and improved crop yield. With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer substituted for chemical fertilizer, soil nutrients increased first and then decreased, and application of organic fertilizer alone would reduce crop yield in the short term. Organic fertilizer was suitable to replace nitrogen fertilizer by 30%（OM₇₀）, which could not only promote crop yield, but also improve soil nutrient status.