黑龙江省松嫩平原马铃薯气候适宜性分析
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中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室基金项目(stqx201807)


Climatic Suitability Analysis of Potato in Songnen Plain
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    摘要:

    基于1971~2017年黑龙江省松嫩平原40站的逐日气象观测数据及马铃薯发育期观测数据,计算松嫩平原温度、降水、日照及综合气候适宜度,并分析其时空分布特征,揭示其变化规律,以期为马铃薯生产提供科学依据。结果表明:1971~2017年松嫩平原马铃薯各生育阶段温度适宜度分布规律不同,从播种至可收期各生育阶段的平均温度适宜度在0.93以上,且年际间变化微小;降水适宜度地区差异较大、年际间变化剧烈,47年间播种-出苗期、花序形成-开花期为微弱上升趋势,出苗-分枝期、分枝-花序形成期、开花-可收期为略下降趋势;日照适宜度自西北向东南逐渐下降,年际间差异较小,且均呈现略下降的趋势;马铃薯生长发育的大部分时期气候适宜度自西向东逐渐升高,松嫩平原西部气候适宜度较低,基本在0.80以下,而松嫩平原东部气候适宜度相对较高,在0.8以上。松嫩平原的东部和北部相对于西部来说更适宜马铃薯的生长,且影响气候适宜度的主要因子为降水。

    Abstract:

    Based on the data of temperature, precipitation, sunshine and growth period of potato in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province from 1971 to 2017 and the potato growth period observation data, the paper calculated the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and comprehensive climate suitability in the Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang Province, analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, and revealed the variation rules, in order to provide a scientific basis for potato production. The results showed that from 1971 to 2017, the distribution of potato temperature suitability at each growth stage in Songnen Plain was different. The average temperature suitability at each growth stage from sowing to harvest stage was above 0.93, and the interannual change was slight. Precipitation suitability varies greatly among regions and between years. The sunshine suitability decreased gradually from northwest to southeast, with little inter-annual difference, and all showed a slightly decreasing trend. In most periods of potato growth and development, the climate suitability increased gradually from west to east. The western part of Songnen Plain had a low climate suitability, which was basically below 0.80, while the eastern part of Songnen Plain had a relatively high climate suitability, which was above 0.8. The eastern and northern parts of Songnen Plain are more suitable for potato growth than those in the west, and precipitation is the main factor affecting climate suitability.

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王萍,宫丽娟,曲辉辉,吕佳佳,李秀芬,闫平.黑龙江省松嫩平原马铃薯气候适宜性分析[J].东北农业科学,2021,46(3):95-99.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-28
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-11-26
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