In order to accurately and effectively identify Cordyceps militaris, its HPLC characteristic chromatogram was established with Luna C18（2）（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） column in a gradient elution of methanol-phosphate buffer（pH 6.5）, at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and 30 ℃ column temperature. Guanosine, uridine, cytidine, adenosine,adenine and cordycepin were used as reference standard. Total 8 characteristic peaks in 13 batches of samples were identified and the guanosine peak was identified as the reference peak. The precision, repeatability and stability of this method were all met with the requirements. This method could be used for qualitative identification and quality evaluation of C. militaris.