The spatial variability of soil available nutrients and its influencing factors in paddy fields in Nanxian County, Yiyang City were studied based on the GIS technology. The results showed that most of the rice fields in the study area were alkaline. The contents of organic matter and available nitrogen were extremely high in most areas,while the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were low in most areas. The high values of soil available nitrogen content greater than 198 mg/kg were mainly distributed in the central and northern part of Nanxian County, and the high values of soil organic matter content over 34 g/kg were mainly distributed in the central and southern part of Nanxian County. Alkaline paddy fields with soil pH＞7.9 are mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Nanxian County. The soil available potassium content in most paddy fields is less than 88 mg/kg,and is mainly distributed in the west and south central of Nanxian County. The soil available phosphorus content of most paddy fields is less than 20 mg/kg, and is mainly distributed in the eastern and western parts of Nanxian County. The main factors affecting soil fertility in Nanxian County paddy field were terrain, soil species and various obstacles in soil environment.