In order to study the effects of ground coverage method on the growth, quality and soil environment of wintering eggplant. When eggplant was cultivated, surface mulching methods such as no mulching, plastic film mulching and straw mulching are used, physicochemical properties, growth, photosynthetic parameters, yield, quality of eggplant. The results showed that compared with no mulching, ground mulching could improve soil nutrients, physical properties, growth and quality of eggplants, and straw mulching had the best effect. The photosynthesis parameters gradually increased and decreased in the initial stage, and all photosynthetic parameters measured by straw mulching treatment were the highest. The yield per plant of corn straw mulching treatment reaching 4.6 kg, and the quality was good. The quality of yield film mulching, no film mulching were poor. Correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter and Pn. The results showed that plastic film mulching and straw mulching were beneficial to improve soil environment, quality and yield of eggplant, and straw mulching had the best effect and was worthy of promotion.