To clarify the distribution of germplasm resource of Allium victorialis in Changbai Mountain, the geographical distribution, biological characteristics, phenological characteristics, habitats and nutritive qualities of 5 different Allium victorialis samples of 4 provenances in Changbai Mountain were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that Allium victorialis in Changbai Mountain are mainly grown on the cool and damp mountain slopes, understory, forest edge and ditch side, which at a minimum elevation of 500 m above sea level. There are certain requirements for the growth of Allium victorialis in air humidity, soil moisture and canopy density, and the phonological periods are also early. The biological characteristics and phenological characteristics of the 5 samples are different.The Dongfeng samples and the Dunhua broadleaf sample can be classified into the broadleaf sample; the Dunhua narrowleaf sample, the Antu sample and the Wangqing sample can be classified into the narrowleaf sample. The broadleaf samples had high nutrition content that were lower in the narrowleaf samples. The growth states, the phenological periods and the nutritive qualities are also influenced by the difference of habitat conditions of different lines, so cultivation conditions, which are closed to the original habitats, should be created in artificial cultivation and transplantable preservation, as well as selecting the germplasms which are suitable for bionic cultivation.