Steroidal alkaloids are secondary metabolites in Veratrum nigrum. They are mainly distributed in the roots, stems and leaves of V. nigrum, which have many physiological functions such as anti-tumor, lowering blood pressure and analgesic anti-inflammatory. At present, steroidal alkaloids extraction, pharmacological function, biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation have been the research focus. This paper mainly discusses the pharmacological function of steroidal alkaloids in V. nigrum and the molecular biology research of steroidal alkaloid synthesis pathway, which lays a certain foundation for the research of V. nigrum steroidal alkaloids in biosynthesis pathway and pharmacological action.