Dissolved organic matter（DOM） as the important natural ligand and sorption carrier have key effects in geochemical circulation and migration-transformation of pollutants with high activity,which determined by physicochemical properties and material components of DOM.Thus,the appropriately isolation and characterization of DOM are the basis of sorting out the relationship between DOM properties and ecological environment effects.In this study,the technologies of fraction of DOM,such as solubility separation,membrane separation,sorptive separation,gel chromatography are compared between advantages and disadvantages.Moreover,the characterization technique of DOM polarity,redox potential,micromorphology,functional group,chemical constitution,substance composition,are summarized,which contained elemental analysis,spectrum mass spectrometry,electrochemistry and microscopy.Owing to the complexity of DOM component and sources in soil,it is trend to integrate the technologies of extraction and characterization,and developed a variety of new methods in in-situ characterization,coupling technique and modeling,which will give an better understand in soil DOM.This paper is expected to give a reference for the selection of isolation and characterization technology in research of soil DOM.