In this study,organic fertilizer（7.5 t/ha） and four bamboo charcoal supplemental levels CK（0 t/ha）,T₁（1.35 t/ha）,T₂（1.8 t/ha） and T₃（2.25 t/ha） were set up to investigate the effects of different proportions of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure in tea garden.The results showed that the application of bamboo charcoal decreased soil acid phosphatase activity and increased soil sucrase activity,but had no significant effect on soil urease.Adding bamboo charcoal treatment significantly increased the biomass of actinomycetes in soil,with an increase range of 39.47%-57.02%.At the same time,the amount of total PLFA,bacteria and fungi increased,among which the increase of fungal PLFA was the highest,up to 107.82%.But for ratio of fungi/bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria/Gram-negative bacteria were not significant.In general,compared with CK,T₁,T₂ and T₃ treatments changed soil enzyme activity and stimulated the activity and growth of soil microorganisms.