In this study,the anthocyanins of 6 blueberry fresh fruits from Chengjiang,Yunnan Province were detected by HPLC and standard qualitative determination.The anthocyanins were analyzed by principal component analysis（PCA）.The results showed that a total of 10 anthocyanins were detected in blueberry fruits of 6 varieties,among which the content of total anthocyanins in biloxi was the highest（2,933.551 mg/kg）.And the content of paeoniflorin-3-O-glucoside（476.703 mg/kg） and Delphinin-3-O-galactoside were the highest in Biloxi（595.614mg/kg）.Principal component analysis showed that the proportion of anthocyanins in different varieties of blueberries was significantly different.The anthocyanins of Biloxi and Legosi blueberry varieties with abundant anthocyanins could be distinguished from those of 6 blueberry varieties.In conclusion,anthocyanins can be used as chemical fingerprints to distinguish 6 different varieties of blueberry,thus providing theoretical support for screening and breeding high-quality blueberry varieties..