Jilin Province is an important soybean producing area in China. A clear understanding of the genetic diversity characteristics of soybean varieties in Jilin Province can provide a certain theoretical support for the breeding and genetic improvement of soybean varieties in this region. In this study, 14 yield trait-linked SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of 38 soybean varieties approved in Jilin Province. The results showed that: 14 pairs of SSR markers detected a total of 31 allelic variation sites in 38 test materials, with anaverage of 2.2143 allelic variation sites per site, and the allelic variation number was between 2 and 4; The range of polymorphism information content was 0.0948. The mean value of gene diversity index was 0.4121, and the mean value of Shannon information index was 0.6262. The test materials were divided into two groups, of which group II could be further divided into 4 subgroups; the genetic distance among the 38 varieties was between 0 and 0.9286,with an average of 0.4107, indicating that the genetic diversity among the tested varieties was not rich enough.Therefore, in the future breeding of new varieties, the gene exchange between foreign resources, local varieties, wild soybean blood materials and varieties in different ecological regions should be strengthened to improve the genetic diversity of soybean varieties in Jilin Province, thereby promoting the continuous improvement of yield per unit area.