Comparing the difference of root system characteristics of nitrogen absorption and utilization capacity of maize, the relationship between root system characteristics of maize and nitrogen absorption and utilization was proved, which was of great significance to the efficient utilization of nitrogen resources of maize. The root structure,absorption function and spatial distribution in soil are closely related to nitrogen efficiency of maize plants. On the relationship between the nitrogen efficient maize root and N uptake, nitrogen efficiency characteristics of maize root system configuration and conformation in the soil and the space distribution showed that the nitrogen efficiency maize varieties developed root system, absorb a function more advantages. The spatial distribution is reasonable, in the deep soil distribution, high activity duration is long, which is conducive to extend the function of leaf photosynthetic function, to improve the efficiency of nitrogen absorption and utilization.