In order to clarify the characteristics of wheat scab and the population structure of the pathogens in Hebei Plain, this study first analyzed the incidence of wheat scab in nine cities in 2000-2017, including Handan, Xingtai,Shijiazhuang, Hengshui, Cangzhou, Baoding, Langfang, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao.The results showed that the incidence area of scab was larger in the south of Hebei Province（Xingtai and Handan）, moderate in Hengshui and Shijiazhuang, and small in Cangzhou and Baoding, but the incidence area of scab was increased in the four regions,while only in a few years in the north of Hebei Province（Langfang） and the east of Hebei Province（Qinhuangdao and Tangshan）, the overall incidence area was very small. Based on the analysis of the occurrence of wheat scab in Hebei Plain, in the wheat season of 2017-2018, 15 typical counties（cities and districts） such as Xinji, Shenzhou and Daming were selected to collect the susceptible wheat ears of the plots with serious scab, and total 1,092 strains of wheat scab pathogenic strains were isolated and further analyzed by tissue separation method. The results showed that the main pathogens of wheat scab were Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, with the isolation frequency of 72.8% and 27.2% respectively; the isolation frequency of different pathogens in different regions was quite different, except for Gaobeidian, the isolation frequency of Fusarium graminearum in other regions was lower than 80%; but in South of Xinhe, the isolation frequency of Fusarium graminearum was generally higher than 80%.It will provide theoretical basis for the construction of green and efficient control technology system of wheat scab in this area.