In order to study the difference of leaf tissue anatomical structure of different cold resistant pear varieties,the anatomical structure of leaf tissue of 16 pear varieties was observed by paraffin section method, and the structural parameters such as palisade tissue were measured, combined with the results of field freezing injury of 16 pear varieties. Daxiangshui, Xiaoxiangshui, Jianba, Huagai belongs to the highest grade of extreme cold resistance, Fuxiang belongs to the second class of high cold resistance, Nanguo, Hanya, Pingguoli, Zaoli 18 are the middle cold and Pingxiang, Hanxiang, Hansu, Hanlu, Zheli, Hanhong are cold resistant categories. The results showed that the closer PTT/STT is to the cell structure, the stronger the cold resistance of pear varieties. It was concluded that it might be used as a morphological index to evaluate the cold resistance of pear, and the thickness of leaf epidermis was not related to the cold resistance of pear varieties.