To study the effect of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of eggplant seedlings.Four treatment gradients of drought stress were set up, and the water content of the soil were control（70%-80%）,mild stress（50%-60%）, moderate stress（40%-50%） and severe stress（30%-40%）, respectively. The results showed that with the increased of drought stress intensity, the plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, strong seedling index, relative growth, the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein and CAT activity of eggplant seedlings decreased gradually, and they were all lower than CK. And the decrease was smaller compared with CK in the second day, but decreased sharply with the extension of drought stress time and the greater the drought intensity. In which the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein and CAT activity were significantly positively correlated with the strong seedling index and relative growth. The contents of MDA and proline and the activities of SOD and POD increased gradually, and they were all higher than CK. The content of MDA increased sharply in the second day, but then decreased, while the content of proline and the activities of SOD and POD increased slightly in the second and fourth days, but increased sharply with the extension of drought stress time and the greater the drought intensity.The results showed that under the certain drought stress, the growth of eggplant seedlings is inhibited, the cell membrane is damaged greatly in the early stage of drought stress, and the content of chlorophyll is inhibited more obviously with the extension of drought stress time, but the adaptability of eggplant seedlings to drought stress could be improved through its antioxidant enzyme system and osmotic regulation substances.